Article
Ufa Mathematical Journal
Volume 16, Number 1, pp. 10-22
Scenario of a stable transition from the torus isotopic identity diffeomorphism to the skew product of rough transformations of the circle
Baranov D.A., Nozdrinova E.V., Pochinka O.V.
DOI:10.13108/2024-16-1-10
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In this paper, we consider gradient-like
diffeomorphisms of a two-dimensional torus isotopic to the identical one. The isotopicity of diffeomorphisms $f_0,f_1$ given on n-manifold $M^n$ means the existence of some arc $\{f_t:M^n\to M^n,t\in[0,1]\}$ connecting them in the space of diffeomorphisms. If isotopic diffeomorphisms are structurally stable (qualitatively not changing their properties with small perturbations), then it is natural to expect the existence of a stable arc (qualitatively not changing its properties with small movements) connecting them. In this case, one says that the isotopic diffeomorphisms $f_0$, $f_1$ are stably isotopic or belong to the same class of stable isotopic connectivity.
The simplest structurally stable diffeomorphisms on surfaces are gradient-like transformations having a finite hyperbolic non-wandering set, stable and unstable manifolds of various saddle points of which do not intersect. However, even on a two-dimensional sphere, where all orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms are isotopic, gradient-like diffeomorphisms are generally not stably isotopic. The countable number of pairwise different classes of stable isotopic connectivity is constructed on the base of a rough transformation of the circle $\phi_{\frac{k}{m}}$ with exactly two periodic orbits of the period $m$ and the rotation number $\frac{k}{m}$, which can be extended to the diffeomorphism $F_{\frac k m}:\mathbb S^2\to\mathbb S^2$, having two fixed sources at the north and south poles. On the torus $\mathbb T^2$, the model representative in the considered class is the skew products of rough transformations of a circle. We show that any isotopic gradient-like diffeomorphism of a torus is connected by a stable arc with some model transformation.